n hcl Search Results


16 16 17ed317 beta estradiol  (LGC Standards)
92
LGC Standards 16 16 17ed317 beta estradiol
16 16 17ed317 Beta Estradiol, supplied by LGC Standards, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 92/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/n+hcl/N-Desmethyl+Trimebutine+HCl/10__1016_slash_j__emcon__2024__100465-64-23-27
Average 92 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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n hcl  (Merck & Co)
86
Merck & Co n hcl
N Hcl, supplied by Merck & Co, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/n+hcl/hcl+n/10__24252_slash_djps__v5i2__37435-23-13-17
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
n hcl - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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alfentanil hydrochloride  (Cerilliant Corporation)
86
Cerilliant Corporation alfentanil hydrochloride
Alfentanil Hydrochloride, supplied by Cerilliant Corporation, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/n+hcl/Alfentanyl+HCl/pmc03089954-38-4-21
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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norpseudoephedrine d3  (Millipore)
88
Millipore norpseudoephedrine d3
Norpseudoephedrine D3, supplied by Millipore, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 88/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/n+hcl/Norpseudoephedrine+HCl/10__3390_slash_separations8060078-58-13-28
Average 88 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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miglustat  (Biosynth Carbosynth)
86
Biosynth Carbosynth miglustat
Concentration-dependent effects of cyclodextrins (HP-α-CD, HP-β-CD, and HP-γ-CD) and <t>miglustat</t> on impaired lysosomal compartments in Npc1 -null CHO cells. The mean fluorescence intensity of LysoTracker ® was determined by flow cytometry at 24 h after exposure to cyclodextrins or miglustat. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M; ( n = 3), ## p < 0.01 compared with the wild-type (WT) group, ** p < 0.01 compared with the untreated Npc1 -null group.
Miglustat, supplied by Biosynth Carbosynth, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/n+hcl/N-Butyldeoxynojirimycin+HCl/pmc07038050-110-0-8
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
miglustat - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
86/100 stars
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n dimethylaminoethane carbamoyl cholesterol dc chol catalog number 700001p  (Croda International Plc)
91
Croda International Plc n dimethylaminoethane carbamoyl cholesterol dc chol catalog number 700001p
Concentration-dependent effects of cyclodextrins (HP-α-CD, HP-β-CD, and HP-γ-CD) and <t>miglustat</t> on impaired lysosomal compartments in Npc1 -null CHO cells. The mean fluorescence intensity of LysoTracker ® was determined by flow cytometry at 24 h after exposure to cyclodextrins or miglustat. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M; ( n = 3), ## p < 0.01 compared with the wild-type (WT) group, ** p < 0.01 compared with the untreated Npc1 -null group.
N Dimethylaminoethane Carbamoyl Cholesterol Dc Chol Catalog Number 700001p, supplied by Croda International Plc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 91/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/n+hcl/DC-Cholesterol%E2%88%99HCl/pmc11480925-82-29-52
Average 91 stars, based on 1 article reviews
n dimethylaminoethane carbamoyl cholesterol dc chol catalog number 700001p - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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dihydrocodeine d6 hcl  (Millipore)
90
Millipore dihydrocodeine d6 hcl
Concentration-dependent effects of cyclodextrins (HP-α-CD, HP-β-CD, and HP-γ-CD) and <t>miglustat</t> on impaired lysosomal compartments in Npc1 -null CHO cells. The mean fluorescence intensity of LysoTracker ® was determined by flow cytometry at 24 h after exposure to cyclodextrins or miglustat. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M; ( n = 3), ## p < 0.01 compared with the wild-type (WT) group, ** p < 0.01 compared with the untreated Npc1 -null group.
Dihydrocodeine D6 Hcl, supplied by Millipore, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/n+hcl/Dihydrocodeine+HCl+(1%2E0+mg%2Fml)+(as+free+base)+in+Methanol/pm34142460-39-22-37
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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boc1 4 diaminobutane hydrochloride  (Aladdin Scientific Corporation)
94
Aladdin Scientific Corporation boc1 4 diaminobutane hydrochloride
Concentration-dependent effects of cyclodextrins (HP-α-CD, HP-β-CD, and HP-γ-CD) and <t>miglustat</t> on impaired lysosomal compartments in Npc1 -null CHO cells. The mean fluorescence intensity of LysoTracker ® was determined by flow cytometry at 24 h after exposure to cyclodextrins or miglustat. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M; ( n = 3), ## p < 0.01 compared with the wild-type (WT) group, ** p < 0.01 compared with the untreated Npc1 -null group.
Boc1 4 Diaminobutane Hydrochloride, supplied by Aladdin Scientific Corporation, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/n+hcl/BOC-1%2C4-Diaminobutane+Hydrochloride/10__1016_slash_j__jfca__2026__109072-51-9-20
Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
boc1 4 diaminobutane hydrochloride - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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n 5  (Santa Cruz Biotechnology)
93
Santa Cruz Biotechnology n 5
Concentration-dependent effects of cyclodextrins (HP-α-CD, HP-β-CD, and HP-γ-CD) and <t>miglustat</t> on impaired lysosomal compartments in Npc1 -null CHO cells. The mean fluorescence intensity of LysoTracker ® was determined by flow cytometry at 24 h after exposure to cyclodextrins or miglustat. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M; ( n = 3), ## p < 0.01 compared with the wild-type (WT) group, ** p < 0.01 compared with the untreated Npc1 -null group.
N 5, supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/n+hcl/N(5)-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine+HCl/pmc06356905-69-12-21
Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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duloxetine hydrochloride  (Toronto Research Chemicals)
92
Toronto Research Chemicals duloxetine hydrochloride
Figure 1. Time-effect curves of orally administered morphine, pregabalin, ga- bapentin, and <t>duloxetine</t> on mechanical allodynia in the tibial neuroma transposi- tion (TNT) model. In the 30 mg/kg morphine–treated group, 1 mg/kg of nal- oxone was administered IP 90 minutes after morphine administration. Naloxone antagonized the morphine effects, signifi- cantly (P 0.001). Ordinate: 50% prob- ability threshold (grams); abscissa: time after drug administration (minutes). Each line represents the group mean and SEM of 5 to 12 rats.
Duloxetine Hydrochloride, supplied by Toronto Research Chemicals, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 92/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/n+hcl/Duloxetine+Hydrochloride/10__1213_slash_ane__0b013e31824f94ca-59-15-17
Average 92 stars, based on 1 article reviews
duloxetine hydrochloride - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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sertraline  (Cerilliant Corporation)
90
Cerilliant Corporation sertraline
Figure 1. Time-effect curves of orally administered morphine, pregabalin, ga- bapentin, and <t>duloxetine</t> on mechanical allodynia in the tibial neuroma transposi- tion (TNT) model. In the 30 mg/kg morphine–treated group, 1 mg/kg of nal- oxone was administered IP 90 minutes after morphine administration. Naloxone antagonized the morphine effects, signifi- cantly (P 0.001). Ordinate: 50% prob- ability threshold (grams); abscissa: time after drug administration (minutes). Each line represents the group mean and SEM of 5 to 12 rats.
Sertraline, supplied by Cerilliant Corporation, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/n+hcl/Sertraline+HCl+(1%2E0+mg%2FmL)+(as+free+base)+in+Methanol/chem_rxiv__13052360-37-29-33
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
sertraline - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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nalorphine  (Millipore)
90
Millipore nalorphine
Figure 1. Time-effect curves of orally administered morphine, pregabalin, ga- bapentin, and <t>duloxetine</t> on mechanical allodynia in the tibial neuroma transposi- tion (TNT) model. In the 30 mg/kg morphine–treated group, 1 mg/kg of nal- oxone was administered IP 90 minutes after morphine administration. Naloxone antagonized the morphine effects, signifi- cantly (P 0.001). Ordinate: 50% prob- ability threshold (grams); abscissa: time after drug administration (minutes). Each line represents the group mean and SEM of 5 to 12 rats.
Nalorphine, supplied by Millipore, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/n+hcl/Nalorphine+HCl/pmc09570840-106-12-13
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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Image Search Results


Concentration-dependent effects of cyclodextrins (HP-α-CD, HP-β-CD, and HP-γ-CD) and miglustat on impaired lysosomal compartments in Npc1 -null CHO cells. The mean fluorescence intensity of LysoTracker ® was determined by flow cytometry at 24 h after exposure to cyclodextrins or miglustat. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M; ( n = 3), ## p < 0.01 compared with the wild-type (WT) group, ** p < 0.01 compared with the untreated Npc1 -null group.

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Differential Effects of 2-Hydroxypropyl-Cyclodextrins on Lipid Accumulation in Npc1 -Null Cells

doi: 10.3390/ijms21030898

Figure Lengend Snippet: Concentration-dependent effects of cyclodextrins (HP-α-CD, HP-β-CD, and HP-γ-CD) and miglustat on impaired lysosomal compartments in Npc1 -null CHO cells. The mean fluorescence intensity of LysoTracker ® was determined by flow cytometry at 24 h after exposure to cyclodextrins or miglustat. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M; ( n = 3), ## p < 0.01 compared with the wild-type (WT) group, ** p < 0.01 compared with the untreated Npc1 -null group.

Article Snippet: Miglustat (N-butyldeoxynojirimycin HCl) (MW: 255.74) was purchased from Carbosynth Ltd. (Compton, UK).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Fluorescence, Flow Cytometry

Effects of cyclodextrins (HP-α-CD, HP-β-CD, and HP-γ-CD) and miglustat on cellular free cholesterol levels in WT and Npc1 -null CHO cells. Cellular free cholesterol levels were measured 24 h after exposure to cyclodextrins (1 mM) or miglustat (100 μM). Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. ( n = 3); ## p < 0.01 compared with the WT group, ** p < 0.01 compared with the untreated Npc1 -null group.

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Differential Effects of 2-Hydroxypropyl-Cyclodextrins on Lipid Accumulation in Npc1 -Null Cells

doi: 10.3390/ijms21030898

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of cyclodextrins (HP-α-CD, HP-β-CD, and HP-γ-CD) and miglustat on cellular free cholesterol levels in WT and Npc1 -null CHO cells. Cellular free cholesterol levels were measured 24 h after exposure to cyclodextrins (1 mM) or miglustat (100 μM). Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. ( n = 3); ## p < 0.01 compared with the WT group, ** p < 0.01 compared with the untreated Npc1 -null group.

Article Snippet: Miglustat (N-butyldeoxynojirimycin HCl) (MW: 255.74) was purchased from Carbosynth Ltd. (Compton, UK).

Techniques:

Effects of cyclodextrins (HP-α-CD, HP-β-CD, and HP-γ-CD) and miglustat on total sphingolipid levels in WT and Npc1 -null CHO cells. Total sphingolipid levels were measured 24 h after exposure to cyclodextrins (1 mM) or miglustat (100 μM). Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. ( n = 3); ## p < 0.01 compared with the WT group, ** p < 0.01 compared with the untreated Npc1 -null group.

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Differential Effects of 2-Hydroxypropyl-Cyclodextrins on Lipid Accumulation in Npc1 -Null Cells

doi: 10.3390/ijms21030898

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of cyclodextrins (HP-α-CD, HP-β-CD, and HP-γ-CD) and miglustat on total sphingolipid levels in WT and Npc1 -null CHO cells. Total sphingolipid levels were measured 24 h after exposure to cyclodextrins (1 mM) or miglustat (100 μM). Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. ( n = 3); ## p < 0.01 compared with the WT group, ** p < 0.01 compared with the untreated Npc1 -null group.

Article Snippet: Miglustat (N-butyldeoxynojirimycin HCl) (MW: 255.74) was purchased from Carbosynth Ltd. (Compton, UK).

Techniques:

Effects of cyclodextrins (HP-α-CD, HP-β-CD, and HP-γ-CD) and miglustat on sphingolipid levels in WT ( B ) and Npc1 -null ( A ) CHO cells. Sphingolipid levels were measured 24 h after treatment with 1 mM of each cyclodextrin and 100 µM of miglustat in Npc1 -null and WT CHO cells. The x-axis shows the logarithm to base 2 of fold changes in each sphingolipid level induced by the treatments. The y-axis shows the negative logarithm to base 10 of t -test p -values. Open circle: sphingomyelins, closed triangle: hexosylceramides, open square: ceramides.

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Differential Effects of 2-Hydroxypropyl-Cyclodextrins on Lipid Accumulation in Npc1 -Null Cells

doi: 10.3390/ijms21030898

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of cyclodextrins (HP-α-CD, HP-β-CD, and HP-γ-CD) and miglustat on sphingolipid levels in WT ( B ) and Npc1 -null ( A ) CHO cells. Sphingolipid levels were measured 24 h after treatment with 1 mM of each cyclodextrin and 100 µM of miglustat in Npc1 -null and WT CHO cells. The x-axis shows the logarithm to base 2 of fold changes in each sphingolipid level induced by the treatments. The y-axis shows the negative logarithm to base 10 of t -test p -values. Open circle: sphingomyelins, closed triangle: hexosylceramides, open square: ceramides.

Article Snippet: Miglustat (N-butyldeoxynojirimycin HCl) (MW: 255.74) was purchased from Carbosynth Ltd. (Compton, UK).

Techniques:

Figure 1. Time-effect curves of orally administered morphine, pregabalin, ga- bapentin, and duloxetine on mechanical allodynia in the tibial neuroma transposi- tion (TNT) model. In the 30 mg/kg morphine–treated group, 1 mg/kg of nal- oxone was administered IP 90 minutes after morphine administration. Naloxone antagonized the morphine effects, signifi- cantly (P 0.001). Ordinate: 50% prob- ability threshold (grams); abscissa: time after drug administration (minutes). Each line represents the group mean and SEM of 5 to 12 rats.

Journal: Anesthesia & Analgesia

Article Title: The Efficacy of Morphine, Pregabalin, Gabapentin, and Duloxetine on Mechanical Allodynia Is Different from That on Neuroma Pain in the Rat Neuropathic Pain Model

doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31824f94ca

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Time-effect curves of orally administered morphine, pregabalin, ga- bapentin, and duloxetine on mechanical allodynia in the tibial neuroma transposi- tion (TNT) model. In the 30 mg/kg morphine–treated group, 1 mg/kg of nal- oxone was administered IP 90 minutes after morphine administration. Naloxone antagonized the morphine effects, signifi- cantly (P 0.001). Ordinate: 50% prob- ability threshold (grams); abscissa: time after drug administration (minutes). Each line represents the group mean and SEM of 5 to 12 rats.

Article Snippet: The drugs used in this study were pregabalin (Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT), gabapentin (Pfizer Inc.), duloxetine hydrochloride (Toronto Research Chemicals, North York, Ontario, Canada), morphine hydrochloride (Takeda, Osaka, Japan), naloxone hydrochloride (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), idazoxan hydrochloride (Sigma), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC; Wako, Osaka, Japan).

Techniques:

Figure 2. Dose–response effects of orally administered morphine, pregabalin, ga- bapentin, and duloxetine on mechanical allodynia in the tibial neuroma transposi- tion (TNT) model. Morphine, pregabalin, gabapentin, and duloxetine attenuated the level of mechanical allodynia induced by TNT injury in a dose-dependent man- ner. Ordinate: percentage maximum possible effect (%MPE). *P 0.05 by Dunnett test.

Journal: Anesthesia & Analgesia

Article Title: The Efficacy of Morphine, Pregabalin, Gabapentin, and Duloxetine on Mechanical Allodynia Is Different from That on Neuroma Pain in the Rat Neuropathic Pain Model

doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31824f94ca

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Dose–response effects of orally administered morphine, pregabalin, ga- bapentin, and duloxetine on mechanical allodynia in the tibial neuroma transposi- tion (TNT) model. Morphine, pregabalin, gabapentin, and duloxetine attenuated the level of mechanical allodynia induced by TNT injury in a dose-dependent man- ner. Ordinate: percentage maximum possible effect (%MPE). *P 0.05 by Dunnett test.

Article Snippet: The drugs used in this study were pregabalin (Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT), gabapentin (Pfizer Inc.), duloxetine hydrochloride (Toronto Research Chemicals, North York, Ontario, Canada), morphine hydrochloride (Takeda, Osaka, Japan), naloxone hydrochloride (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), idazoxan hydrochloride (Sigma), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC; Wako, Osaka, Japan).

Techniques:

Figure 3. Dose–response curves (upper graphs) and isobolograms (lower graphs) of the combination study (morphine pregabalin, morphine duloxetine, and pregabalin duloxetine) on mechanical allodynia. In this combination study, the ratio of morphine dose, pregabalin dose, and duloxetine dose was fixed (morphine : pregabalin : duloxetine 3 : 2 : 6) on the basis of the ED50 values of each drug obtained in this study. Dose–response curves demonstrated that all drug combinations produced an antiallodynic effect. Each line represents the group mean and SEM of 5 rats (upper graphs). Isobolograms demonstrated that morphine pregabalin, morphine duloxetine, and pregabalin duloxetine combination therapy produced a synergistic effect on mechanical allodynia (lower graphs).

Journal: Anesthesia & Analgesia

Article Title: The Efficacy of Morphine, Pregabalin, Gabapentin, and Duloxetine on Mechanical Allodynia Is Different from That on Neuroma Pain in the Rat Neuropathic Pain Model

doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31824f94ca

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Dose–response curves (upper graphs) and isobolograms (lower graphs) of the combination study (morphine pregabalin, morphine duloxetine, and pregabalin duloxetine) on mechanical allodynia. In this combination study, the ratio of morphine dose, pregabalin dose, and duloxetine dose was fixed (morphine : pregabalin : duloxetine 3 : 2 : 6) on the basis of the ED50 values of each drug obtained in this study. Dose–response curves demonstrated that all drug combinations produced an antiallodynic effect. Each line represents the group mean and SEM of 5 rats (upper graphs). Isobolograms demonstrated that morphine pregabalin, morphine duloxetine, and pregabalin duloxetine combination therapy produced a synergistic effect on mechanical allodynia (lower graphs).

Article Snippet: The drugs used in this study were pregabalin (Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT), gabapentin (Pfizer Inc.), duloxetine hydrochloride (Toronto Research Chemicals, North York, Ontario, Canada), morphine hydrochloride (Takeda, Osaka, Japan), naloxone hydrochloride (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), idazoxan hydrochloride (Sigma), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC; Wako, Osaka, Japan).

Techniques: Produced

Figure 5. Time-effect curves of orally administered morphine, pregabalin, ga- bapentin, and duloxetine on neuroma pain in the tibial neuroma transposition (TNT) model. In the 30 mg/kg morphine– treated group, 1 mg/kg of naloxone was administered intraperitoneal (IP) 90 min- utes after morphine administration. Nal- oxone antagonized the morphine effects, significantly (P 0.001). Ordinate: per- centage responses to 10 applications of a von Frey filament; abscissa: time after drug administration (minutes). Each line represents the group mean and SEM of 5 to 12 rats.

Journal: Anesthesia & Analgesia

Article Title: The Efficacy of Morphine, Pregabalin, Gabapentin, and Duloxetine on Mechanical Allodynia Is Different from That on Neuroma Pain in the Rat Neuropathic Pain Model

doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31824f94ca

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Time-effect curves of orally administered morphine, pregabalin, ga- bapentin, and duloxetine on neuroma pain in the tibial neuroma transposition (TNT) model. In the 30 mg/kg morphine– treated group, 1 mg/kg of naloxone was administered intraperitoneal (IP) 90 min- utes after morphine administration. Nal- oxone antagonized the morphine effects, significantly (P 0.001). Ordinate: per- centage responses to 10 applications of a von Frey filament; abscissa: time after drug administration (minutes). Each line represents the group mean and SEM of 5 to 12 rats.

Article Snippet: The drugs used in this study were pregabalin (Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT), gabapentin (Pfizer Inc.), duloxetine hydrochloride (Toronto Research Chemicals, North York, Ontario, Canada), morphine hydrochloride (Takeda, Osaka, Japan), naloxone hydrochloride (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), idazoxan hydrochloride (Sigma), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC; Wako, Osaka, Japan).

Techniques:

Figure 6. Dose–response effects of orally administered morphine, pregabalin, ga- bapentin, and duloxetine on neuroma pain in the tibial neuroma transposition (TNT) model. Morphine 30 mg/kg attenu- ated the area under the curve (AUC) of the time-effect curve of response fre- quency in comparison with saline. Prega- balin, gabapentin, and duloxetine had no effect on the AUC of the time-effect curve of response frequency in comparison with saline. *P 0.05 by Dunnett test.

Journal: Anesthesia & Analgesia

Article Title: The Efficacy of Morphine, Pregabalin, Gabapentin, and Duloxetine on Mechanical Allodynia Is Different from That on Neuroma Pain in the Rat Neuropathic Pain Model

doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31824f94ca

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. Dose–response effects of orally administered morphine, pregabalin, ga- bapentin, and duloxetine on neuroma pain in the tibial neuroma transposition (TNT) model. Morphine 30 mg/kg attenu- ated the area under the curve (AUC) of the time-effect curve of response fre- quency in comparison with saline. Prega- balin, gabapentin, and duloxetine had no effect on the AUC of the time-effect curve of response frequency in comparison with saline. *P 0.05 by Dunnett test.

Article Snippet: The drugs used in this study were pregabalin (Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT), gabapentin (Pfizer Inc.), duloxetine hydrochloride (Toronto Research Chemicals, North York, Ontario, Canada), morphine hydrochloride (Takeda, Osaka, Japan), naloxone hydrochloride (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), idazoxan hydrochloride (Sigma), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC; Wako, Osaka, Japan).

Techniques: Comparison, Saline